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Notes:
   Animal Body
   Arthropods
   Biochem
   Cell Cycle
   Cell Interactions
   Cell Structure
   Circulation Respiration
   Communities
   Digestion
   DNA
   Ecosystems
   Energy
   Evolution Evidence
   Future of Biosphere
   Genetic Engineering
   Gene Function
   Genetics
   Hormones
   Human Evolution
   Immunity
   Species Interaction
   Kidneys
   Locomotion
   Membranes
   Mollusks
   Mutation
   Nervous
   Non-Coelmic
   Photosynthesis
   Plant Physiology
   Population Genetics
   Population Dynamics
   Cellular Respiration
   Sensory
   Speciation
   Taxonomy
   Vertebrates
   Vertebrate Org
Vocabulary:
   1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
   11,12,13,14,15,
   16,17,18,19,20,
   21,22,23,24,25,
   26,27,28,29,30,
   31,32,33,34,35,
   36,37,38,39,40,
   41,42,43,44,45,
   46,47,48,49,50,
   51,52,53,54

Genetic Engineering

I. Basic Principles    A. DNA can be cut
   B. Can be rearranged as desired
   C. Cohen & Boyer
      1. First genetic engineering
      2. Found restriction enzymes
II. Materials
   A. **Restriction Enzymes**
      1. Enzymes found in prokaryotes
      2. Ex. EcoR1, HindIII
   B. Types
      1. Type I – make random cuts
      2. Type II – make cuts at recognition sites
      3. R.   E. search for palindromes (red same way, forward and backwards)
      4. 4-6 n.t. long
      5. Cuts both ends leaving sticky ends!!!!
      6. Evolutionary advantage in prokaryotes for resistance
   C. Vector
      1. Anything that is used to produce the gene recombined DNA
      2. Plasmid
      3. Bacteriophage – virus that infects bacteria
   D. Recipient (Host)
      1. Bacteria, usually    E. coli
III. Purpose
   A. Mass produce a desired gene produced by humans (Transformation)
      1. Ex. insulin, interferon (cancer), HGH (Human Growth Factor)
   B. Treatment of Genetic Diseases
      1. “Gene Therapy”
      2. Incorporate a “passenger gene” into the body to replace a “mutant gene”
         a) Cystic fibrosis
   C. Produce artificial virus for vaccines
      1. Chicken Pox (Verasela)
      2. AIDS
   D. Agriculture
      1. Flav-Savor Tomatoes
      2. Blight resistant potatoes
IV. How?
   A. Select desired gene
   B. Use vector & ligase to inject it into host genome
   C. Screen for transformation
   D. Clone – produce a genetically identical version
   E. When you make recomb. DNA, you want to make a library (list of all recomb DNA made)

Chimera
- Any organism containing genes from another
- Not naturally made
- Recombinant DNA

CAP
- On operon
- Opens up DNA helix so RNA polymerase can bind

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